Accessibility

Blind Users

How they experience an interface

• May use a screen reader to experience interfaces.

• May rely on Braille output.

• Cannot be expected to use a pointer or mouse for input.

What designers should think about

• Is visual information translated effectively into text? Can the image be understood through its metadata alone?

• Where possible, test all designs through a screen reader.

How this applies to everyone

• As audio-only interfaces gain popularity through devices like AI assistants, users are expecting more and more from the audible representations of experiences.

Low-Vision Users

Low vision can include partial sight in one or both eyes, and range from mild to severe. It affects 246 million people, or about 4% of the world’s population.

How they experience an interface

• May use screen readers, screen magnifiers, high contrast modes, and/or monochrome displays.

• May have their browser font size adjusted to a larger setting.

• May not use adaptive technology at all.

What designers should think about

• Maximizing the readability and visual clarity of content.

• Consider how relative proximity of information changes when a page is magnified.

• Follow our keyboard guidelines.

• Test with a screen reader to ensure the page is read to the user in a logical order.

• To get a better understanding of the various low-vision disabilities, we recommend using the NoCoffee Chrome (or Firefox) plugin to preview websites.

How this applies to everyone

• Users without disabilities sometimes need to view screens in poor lighting conditions. For example, imagine using a device outside on a bright day. A higher-contrast design makes the screen more usable for everyone.

• Vision worsens gradually, starting around age 40, and good contrast helps this very large demographic to use your interface.

Colorblind Users

Color blindness affects 8% of all men and 0.4% of women.

How they experience an interface

• Will not be able to differentiate between some colors on an interface.

• Rely on non-color information to understand and use an interface.

What designers should think about

• Run your design through a colorblind simulator (e.g NoCoffee vision simulator, Color Blind - Figma Plugin, Color Blind 2 - Figma Plugin ). If the design doesn't work, try another approach. If you're working in Sketch, we recommend the Stark plugin.

• Test designs with a colorblind user where possible.

Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Users

How they experience an interface

• May rely on captioning and other alternative representations of audio.

What designers should think about

• Find alternatives to conveying information exclusively with sound.

• Transcribe and caption all videos and animations that have meaningful audio.

How this applies to everyone

• All users can benefit from closed captioning. Imagine using your device in a loud environment or, alternatively, in a quiet environment where it wouldn't be appropriate to turn your sound on.

Physical Disabilities

How users with physical disabilities experience an interface

• May rely on keyboards, track balls, voice recognition, and other assistive technologies to interact with an interface.

• May not be able to use a mouse or other pointer.

What designers should think about

• Design for good keyboard interaction, making sure all actions and elements are keyboard-accessible and efficient.

• Learn how to navigate using a keyboard and spend one day navigating the web, email, and digital products using only the keyboard.

How this applies to everyone

• Many users prefer to navigate interfaces with a keyboard and no mouse for efficiency. Good keyboard navigation can help everyone be more productive.